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WASHINGTON, D.C. — Katalyst Space, an Arizona-based startup specializing in in-space services, has joined forces with European counterpart LMO Space to showcase an innovative spacecraft docking method. This technique, known as “assisted rendezvous and proximity operations” (RPO), aims to streamline docking procedures and potentially lower operational expenditures in orbit.
Assisted Rendezvous and Proximity Operations (RPO) Demonstration
Katalyst Space has conceived an assisted RPO approach utilizing an Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV). The OTV serves to transport spacecraft or payloads between different orbits following launch. This novel method seeks to simplify the complexities of spacecraft docking operations while offering a more cost-effective solution.
Ghonhee Lee, Chief Executive Officer of Katalyst Space, stated that their innovative technology was recognized by U.S. Space Command and AFWERX, the technological investment branch of the Department of the Air Force. It was selected as a winning solution in the “Sustained Space Maneuver Challenge,” a program designed to leverage commercial technologies for diverse military uses.
Katalyst Space, a company focused on in-space services technologies, has been awarded a $1.9 million contract to further develop this architectural framework. Through their collaboration with LMO Space, the companies intend to conduct an on-orbit demonstration of the assisted RPO concept within geostationary Earth orbit, targeted for 2026.
Lee mentioned that the company has secured a rideshare launch arrangement for the forthcoming demonstration. The AFWERX contract is specifically for the advancement of the assisted RPO technology itself and does not cover the costs associated with the demonstration mission.
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Understanding Assisted RPO Functionality
Traditional RPO vs. Assisted RPO
Conventional RPO necessitates the servicing spacecraft to manage all phases of the mission. This includes launch, orbit attainment, rendezvous maneuvers, and the execution of proximity operations with the designated target. In contrast, the assisted RPO concept employs an OTV to position the servicing satellite in closer proximity to the intended target location, simplifying the process.
Katalyst Space’s Concept Details
In Katalyst’s approach, the OTV will accommodate both a hosted payload and a deployable payload. The deployable payload, functioning as a freeflyer, will gather close-range imagery of the docking target. Concurrently, the hosted payload will acquire range data from a separate vantage point.
“The utilization of both the OTV and the freeflyer from differing perspectives enhances our precision capabilities,” Lee clarified.
The data derived from these dual sources undergoes analysis using LMO’s machine learning software. This analytical process facilitates docking with the target spacecraft without the necessity for LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). LIDAR is a sensing technology commonly employed in scenarios where visual tracking is limited or in non-cooperative environments.
Advantages of Assisted RPO
Lee emphasized that the current scarcity of robotic spacecraft equipped for docking restricts the industry’s capacity to undertake servicing missions. This innovative methodology has the potential to alter this landscape.
“While spacecraft docking presents numerous beneficial applications, its inherent complexity and associated costs have historically limited its widespread operational implementation,” Lee noted. “This architectural design holds the promise of transforming the economic viability of such operations.”
The primary objective is to validate that RPO can be effectively executed using “basic optical cameras, which are both economical and readily available, as opposed to LIDAR systems, which are costly and require extended procurement timelines,” Lee further explained. “This advancement signifies our ability to propagate these essential capabilities at a significantly accelerated pace compared to conventional RPO satellites.”
Military and National Security Implications
Enhanced Space Capabilities for the Space Force
For military applications and entities such as the Space Force, this technology opens avenues for remote spacecraft upgrades through the integration of new hardware. Lee suggests that operations conducted with assisted RPO would exhibit a lower probability of detection compared to those employing traditional robotic servicer spacecraft, enhancing operational security.
LMO Space’s Navigation Software Contribution
Michel Poucet, CEO of LMO Space, affirmed his company’s support for the demonstration through their navigation software suite, Vision & Spectre. This software was specifically engineered for space situational awareness and in-space servicing functionalities.
“This mission underscores the increasing imperative to harness commercial innovations in support of national defense endeavors in space. The collaboration between LMO and Katalyst further accentuates the robust technological capabilities of Luxembourg in bolstering critical U.S. defense and space initiatives,” Poucet stated.
Lee concluded by mentioning that an OTV platform for the demonstration mission is yet to be finalized. “We have engaged with four prospective OTV partners in bids submitted this year to the Space Force, and we are currently in contract negotiation phases.”