Ferrari started the weekend as favourites to win the race, on a track Mercedes has struggled on in the past.
But Hamilton took pole with a blistering lap in qualifying, and in the race the Mercedes driver was untroubled at the front as a gamble from Ferrari failed.
Hamilton took the win and extended his lead in the championship to 40 points over Vettel, who finished third.
After the race, Hamilton was asked if he had the mental edge over his nearest rival and gave a telling response.
Hamilton: “You’d have to ask him. I don’t think in my daytime ‘Is Sebastian thinking about me?’
“Because I don’t think about him. I just think about being the best I can be.
“I know when I’m at my best, I truly believe, everyone would say to themselves when I’m my fittest and my clearest mentally, nobody can beat me.
“You have to have that. If you believe that when you’re at your best I potentially could come second, you’ve lost already.“
Hamilton also paid tribute to his Mercedes team for helping pull off an unexpected win.
“Coming here and knowing the performance of Red Bulls…if you look at the history, they have always been on the first two rows for probably the last 10 years, or at least the last eight,” said Hamilton.
“And the Ferraris, at least the last five or six years, have been right there as well.
“They had picked up their pace and we knew that they would be spectacular here this weekend and so it was going to take something quite special for us to leapfrog them.
“I know that not a single member of the hierarchy, like James Vowles or Toto (Wolff) probably, really didn’t think that was possible yesterday – maybe more of them.
“So it was really quite a monumental moment for us as a team.”