The anti-capitalist party is in a similar position to the DUP here in the UK and holds the balance of power in Catalonia’s parliament.
The CUP supports the governing coalition of Junts pel Si, which is a group of two parties who have the largest number of seats – with 62 – but need the CUP onside to gain a majority.
The party, which is also pro-independence, and want devolved governments have supported the coalition but could be in a position to bring down the government after the regional President Carles Puigdemont ruled out regional elections and failed to make formal declaration of independence.
Deputy CUP leader Anna Gabriel said: “They have opened the Pandora’s box of the State with the endorsement of the EU.”
In a Twitter message that referenced the recent controversial referendum on October 1, the CUP said: “We continue defending the popular mandate.”
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Should the Catalan government fail to declare independence this is expected to put the alliance in jeopardy should the CUP withdraw their support.
Earlier today the centre-right Mr Puigdemont defied expectations and rejected calls to hold snap regional election as a way to avert the imposition of centralised control over the semi-autonomous north east region of Spain.
As well, he notably failed to make a formal declaration of independence and create a new republic.
Mr Puigdemont said: “We don’t have a guarantee that justifies the elections. Article 155 as it is will very likely be triggered. This is totally abusive.”
Speaking at the government’s headquarters in Barcelona he said: “My duty was to try to avoid the impact on our institutions of the measures of article 155, which are outside the law, abusive and unfair.
“I do not accept these measures, because they are unjust and because they hide the vengeful action of the state.”
There appears to be deep divisions within the separatists with some, such as the Catalan Vice President Oriol Junqueras, wanting a declaration of independence while others would rather call early elections that could halt the application of Article 155.
Mr Junqueras, from the left-wing Esquerra, said yesterday that prime minister Mariano Rajoy had left Catalonia “no other option” but to proclaim a new republic.
Mr Junqueras said his party, one of the two in the ruling separatist coalition which forms the Catalan government, is “going to work toward building a republic” because they have a “democratic mandate” following a referendum earlier this month.
He said: “We also understand that the Spanish government is giving us no other option than to defend the civil rights and citizens’ rights through the best tools that our institutions have.”
Inés Arrimadas, the leader of the opposition in the Catalan Parliament and strongly opposed to independence, said: “We need polls to solve this. We are still in time. Catalonia will not be independent and will be less cohesive.”