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Could Canada Join the European Union? Experts Weigh In on Transatlantic Relations
Despite geographical separation by the Atlantic Ocean, some experts suggest Canada could potentially become a member of the European Union (EU). A recent survey of 1,500 Canadian adults revealed that 44% supported exploring EU membership for Ottawa, while 34% opposed the concept. This raises questions about the future of transatlantic relations and the very definition of a “European” nation in the modern era.
The Notion of European Identity
While Canada is geographically distant from Europe, authorities have indicated to Politico that the prospect of Canada entering the EU, although improbable, isn’t entirely impossible. Giselle Bosse, a professor specializing in EU external democracy support at Maastricht University, stated that “being European is more of a state of mind.” She elaborated that the legal and formal definition of a European state is not strictly defined geographically, noting historical examples of EU nations with overseas territories across the globe. This broad interpretation leaves room for considering nations beyond the European continent.
“Special Europeans”: Shared Values and Heritage
Professor Bosse characterized Canadians as “special Europeans” due to the nation’s systems being modeled on European frameworks and the extensive European ancestry of many Canadians. However, she tempered expectations by suggesting immediate EU membership for Canada remains unlikely. Frank Schimmelfennig, a professor of European politics at ETH Zurich, concurred, asserting that Canada “would certainly qualify” for EU membership. He argued that Canada’s values, institutions, and policies align more closely with European norms than those of several current EU candidate countries.
EU Candidate Nations and Expansion
Currently, nine countries hold candidate status in their pursuit of joining the EU: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Kosovo is also recognized as a potential candidate, illustrating the EU’s ongoing expansion efforts.
Challenges and Obstacles to Canadian Membership
Ultimately, the decision regarding Canada’s EU membership rests with the bloc’s 27 member states and the European Commission. Ian Bond, deputy director at the Center for European Reform think tank, expressed skepticism, deeming it “extremely difficult” to categorize Canada as a European country for various reasons. He also pointed to the economic impracticality of Canada joining, citing existing EU tariffs on imports from the United States, a major trading partner of Canada.
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Referendums and Domestic Opposition
Bond further noted that Canadian accession to the EU would necessitate referendums in member nations like France. He cautioned that French farmers, known for their vocal opposition to trade liberalization, would likely oppose such a move. “How often have French farmers voted in favor of unrestricted commerce with other global regions?” Bond rhetorically asked, suggesting they are more inclined to protest against it.
Canada-US Relations and Shifting Alliances
This discussion arises amid ongoing tensions between Canada and its closest ally, the United States. Policies enacted by the previous US administration, including tariff impositions and suggestions of potential US statehood for Canada, have strained relations and fueled discontent among Canadians. This evolving geopolitical landscape may prompt Canada to consider alternative international partnerships and alignments.