Matter-spewing 'singularities' could eliminate the need for dark energy and dark matter

A revolutionary cosmological model seeks to eliminate the universe’s most perplexing and enigmatic components: dark energy and dark matter, collectively known as the “dark universe.” This innovative theory proposes an alternative explanation for cosmic expansion and gravitational effects.

Challenging the Enigmatic Dark Universe

This novel concept supersedes the dark universe with a multitude of incremental bursts, termed “transient temporal singularities,” emerging throughout the cosmos.

Scientists hypothesize that these transient temporal singularities could momentarily open, infusing the universe with both matter and energy, thereby inducing the expansion of space itself. These fissures would then close rapidly, remaining imperceptible, potentially elucidating the cosmic expansion presently attributed to dark energy, and the gravitational influence linked to dark matter.

“This new model effectively elucidates both the formation and stability of cosmic structures, alongside the key observable characteristics of universal expansion, by employing density singularities in time that uniformly impact all of space, thereby obviating the need for conventional dark matter and dark energy,” stated Richard Lieu, the study’s author and physics professor at The University of Alabama in Huntsville.

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The Conundrum of the Dark Universe

The dark universe presents a significant puzzle for researchers, as it implies that only 5% of the universe’s matter and energy comprises the familiar elements observed daily in stars, planets, moons, and all observable matter.

In essence, the composition of approximately 95% of the cosmos remains unknown.

Within this substantial portion of the universe’s matter-energy composition, dark energy – the placeholder term for the force driving the accelerated expansion of the universe – constitutes roughly 70%.

Conversely, dark matter facilitated the aggregation of early galaxies through its gravitational effects, yet it remains essentially invisible due to its lack of interaction with light. Dark matter accounts for the remaining 25% of this enigmatic matter budget.

The pervasiveness of dark matter and dark energy, coupled with their crucial roles in cosmological evolution models, renders the dark universe a profound enigma that scientists are eager to resolve.

Temporal Singularities: A Novel Approach

Building upon prior investigations suggesting gravity’s potential existence independent of mass, Lieu’s model dispenses with the requirement for both dark matter and dark energy.

Unlike prior attempts, however, Lieu’s proposed model avoids introducing exotic additions to established cosmological frameworks, such as “negative mass” or “negative density,” to negate the dark universe.

“Sir Fred Hoyle challenged the Big Bang cosmology, proposing a ‘steady-state’ universe model where matter and energy continuously form as the universe expands,” Lieu explained. “However, that hypothesis contradicts the fundamental law of mass-energy conservation.”

Instead, Lieu posits that through transient temporal singularities, matter and energy can emerge and vanish in rapid bursts without violating established physics’ conservation laws.

“These singularities are undetectable due to their infrequent and fleeting nature, potentially explaining why neither dark matter nor dark energy has been observed,” Lieu added. “The origin of these temporal singularities remains unknown, mirroring the mystery surrounding the Big Bang’s inception.”

Implications of Negative Pressure

Lieu’s model interprets these singularities as generating a “negative pressure,” exhibiting an anti-gravity effect that propels the universe apart at an accelerating pace, mirroring the hypothesized function of dark energy.

“A relevant example is the negative pressure exerted by a magnetic field along its field line,” Lieu noted. “Einstein also theorized negative pressure in his 1917 paper concerning the Cosmological Constant. When positive mass-energy density is coupled with negative pressure, specific constraints ensure the mass-energy density remains positive for any uniformly moving observer, thus circumventing the need for negative density assumptions within this new model.”

Reevaluating Dark Universe Constituents

Lieu’s central conclusion suggests that the dark universe and its constituents may not be a constant presence in the cosmos.

“They may only manifest briefly, during which matter and energy uniformly populate the universe, excluding random spatial density variations that coalesce to form structures like galaxies,” he elaborated. “In intervening periods, they are effectively absent.

“The sole distinction between this research and the standard cosmological model lies in the temporal singularity occurring uniquely in the latter, but repeatedly in the former.”

Future Validation Efforts

Looking ahead, Lieu intends to validate his theory using ground-based telescopes to search for “jumps” in redshift — referring to the stretching of light from distant objects as they recede due to space expansion.

“The optimal method for detecting the predicted effect involves utilizing large ground-based telescopes – such as the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, or the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes in La Palma, Spain – to conduct deep field observations. The resulting data would be analyzed by ‘slicing’ it according to redshift,” he explained. “With sufficient redshift (or time) resolution achieved through redshift slicing, one might discern jumps in the Hubble diagram’s redshift-distance relationship, offering compelling evidence.”

Lieu’s research was published on March 21 in the journal Classical and Quantum Gravity.