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France Crowned King of Castles in European Survey
A newly released map illustrating the locations of fortifications across western and central Europe suggests one country unequivocally leads in castle density. These imposing structures, predominantly medieval castles, rose to prominence throughout the continent during the Middle Ages as various factions competed to assert authority over territories. The research highlights the significant number of castles in Europe, with France appearing to possess the highest concentration.
Medieval Strongholds Across the Continent
In France, numerous dukes and counts, operating with considerable autonomy from the King, fiercely contested for regional dominance. Regions such as Normandy, Brittany, and Anjou were key centers of this medieval power struggle. The local populace began congregating around these protective sites. France evolved into a land synonymous with chivalry, renowned for its knights and mounted warriors. Iconic examples that endure to this day include the Château de l’Hermine in Brittany and Château Gaillard in Normandy.
Following his victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, William the Conqueror implemented motte-and-bailey castles in England to reinforce his newly claimed authority. However, the map indicates that France is densely populated with castles, depicted in red, showcasing numerous areas with a particularly high volume of these historic constructions across its extensive landmass.
Regional Concentrations of Fortifications
The map reveals dense clusters of castles in specific French regions, including areas in the northwest and a southern arc encompassing Bordeaux, Toulouse, Montpellier, and Lyon. Belgium, despite its smaller size, also demonstrates a high concentration of castles. Northwestern Spain similarly exhibits a notable accumulation of these structures.
Furthermore, a significant number of castles are spread across central and southern Germany, as well as the northern and southern reaches of the Alps. Some fortifications are even situated within mountainous terrains.
Castles are also marked on the map in Italy, Portugal, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Denmark, and Scandinavia.
In comparison to continental Europe, the United Kingdom appears to have a sparser distribution of castles. Conversely, Ireland seems to display a substantial number of castles, concentrated in particular zones.
Castle Count: France Leads by a Wide Margin
Data from the World Population Review indicates that France boasts the highest castle count in 2025, with an estimated 45,000 castles.
Italy holds the second position, yet with less than half the French total, possessing approximately 20,000 castles.
Germany, in comparison, is reported to have 3,481 castles, while Czechia lists 1,820.
The UK is recorded to have 1,500 castles. Spain closely follows with 1,459, and Belgium is slightly behind with 1,240 castles.