For many individuals, achieving the ideal water temperature is crucial – neither too hot, nor too cold, but just right. What you may not know is that incorrect water heater temperature settings can have significant consequences.
Improperly managed water heater temperature can lead to escalating utility bills and potential health hazards. The U.S. Department of Energy warns that excessively high water temperatures increase the risk of scalding. Startlingly, studies indicate that tap water scalds result in over 1,500 hospital admissions and 100 fatalities annually in the United States. Furthermore, adjusting your water heater temperature can contribute to substantial energy savings.
How do you adjust your water heater, and what should the optimal setting be? We’ll guide you to achieve the perfect balance.
Optimal Water Heater Temperature Range
Determining the best water heater temperature involves balancing safety, health considerations, and energy efficiency.
Many contemporary water heaters are factory-set to 140 degrees Fahrenheit. While this is a standard setting, it exceeds the recommendations of both the Department of Energy and the Consumer Product Safety Commission. These agencies advise lowering the water temperature to approximately 120°F. They emphasize that this slight reduction significantly decreases the likelihood of burn injuries. According to the American Burn Association, severe burns can occur in just five seconds at 140°F, whereas it takes up to five minutes at 120°F.
If a slightly warmer setting is preferred, additional safety measures can be implemented. Max Veggeberg, CEO of Tetra, a home services company, suggests, “To mitigate these risks, anti-scald devices can be installed on faucets.”
However, setting your water heater temperature too low also presents risks. While reducing temperatures minimizes scalding risks, setting your water heater below 120°F may foster bacterial growth, notably Legionella, the bacteria responsible for Legionnaires’ disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) points out that Legionella bacteria thrive in water temperatures ranging from 77°F to 113°F. Therefore, the 120°F recommendation represents a careful equilibrium between safety and hygiene.
Water temperature significantly impacts energy efficiency. Water heating typically accounts for nearly 20% of a household’s energy bill, making it the second-largest energy expense for most homeowners.
“The temperature setting directly dictates your water heater’s energy consumption. Higher temperatures demand more energy to maintain,” explains David Miloshev, an HVAC expert at Fantastic Services. “Consequently, adjusting the temperature appropriately can effectively decrease energy consumption and lower your utility expenses.”
Each 10-degree Fahrenheit reduction in water temperature can yield a 3 to 5% reduction in water heating costs. For an average American household, lowering the water heater from 140°F to 120°F could result in annual savings between $36 and $61, as reported by the Department of Energy. Furthermore, lower temperatures decrease energy usage and system strain, potentially prolonging the lifespan of your water heater and minimizing upkeep costs.
How to Adjust Your Water Heater Temperature
The method for adjusting your water heater temperature varies depending on the type of water heater you own. If you are considering purchasing a new water heater, it’s beneficial to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each type.
“The optimal choice for cost savings depends on your individual living situation,” notes Miloshev. “Key factors to consider include fuel type, availability and cost, size, energy efficiency, and overall expenses.”
Gas Water Heaters
For gas water heaters, locate the temperature dial on the gas valve, typically near the base of the tank. This dial often uses settings like “warm” to “hot” instead of specific temperatures. Adjust the dial in the direction needed to change the water temperature. After 24 hours, measure the water temperature with a thermometer. Due to potentially imprecise controls, make incremental adjustments until you reach the desired temperature.
Electric Water Heaters
Electric water heaters usually feature two thermostats – one at the top and one at the bottom of the tank – concealed behind access panels. Prior to adjustment, disconnect power to the water heater at the circuit breaker. Remove the access panels and any insulation to access the thermostats. Use a flathead screwdriver to set both thermostats to the same temperature. Reinstall insulation and panels, restore power, and wait 24 hours before checking the water temperature.
Tankless Water Heaters
Tankless water heaters are generally the simplest to adjust. Most models include either a digital display panel or a temperature control dial. Simply set your desired temperature following the manufacturer’s instructions. Many models allow for precise temperature adjustments in small increments.
“Tankless water heaters provide precise control, minimizing overheating concerns,” states Veggeberg, “whereas tank systems require regular maintenance to ensure safety and optimal performance.”
Connected Water Heaters
Smart water heaters can be managed via smartphone applications or home automation systems. Open the app, find your water heater settings, and adjust the temperature using a slider or digital input. Some smart models also enable customized temperature schedules throughout the day. This feature can be advantageous for reducing bills if you are on a variable rate energy plan.
Additional Factors to Consider
Miloshev suggests that larger households with more occupants may need to slightly increase the water temperature to accommodate higher usage. Similarly, consider your daily habits. “If you frequently use multiple appliances simultaneously, such as a dishwasher, washing machine, and shower, a slightly higher setting can prevent issues like cold water interruptions,” he advises.
Local weather conditions are also a factor. Adapt your settings to the climate. In colder climates, you might prefer a slightly warmer water temperature for comfort. “However, it remains crucial to avoid overheating, as this can still pose a safety risk and waste energy,” Miloshev cautions.
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