Rare “blue” diamonds are famed for his or her vivid color, produced by the factor boron that’s principally discovered on the Earth’s floor.
But an uncommon examine of 46 blue diamonds carried out by US scientists suggests they crystallised below circumstances of utmost stress and temperature a whole lot of miles down within the Earth’s decrease mantle.
The analysis signifies that blue, or “type IIb”, diamonds are literally created 4 instances deeper beneath the Earth’s floor than most different kinds of diamond.
They share their metallic liquid beginning place with the world’s largest and most useful colourless diamonds, a discovery made by the identical crew in 2016.
Dr Steven Shirey, from the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington D.C., mentioned: “We now know that the finest gem-quality diamonds come from the farthest down in our planet.”
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The most well-known blue diamond is the Hope Diamond, housed on the US National Museum of Natural History.
Weighing 45.552 carats, the Hope Diamond is assumed to have originated in India and has a historical past stretching again nearly centuries.
It is rumoured to hold a curse, probably invented to arouse curiosity within the stone and enhance its worth.
Blue diamonds weighing greater than three carats fetch a million US {dollars} (£762,300) per carat or extra at public sale.
To perform the examine, the researchers appeared for tiny “inclusions”, mineral crystals, trapped inside the stones.
These are the remnants of minerals from the mantle rock by which the diamonds shaped.
Lead scientist Dr Evan Smith, from the Gemalogical Institute of America, mentioned: “These so-called type IIb diamonds are tremendously valuable, making them hard to get access to for scientific research purposes. And it is very rare to find one that contains inclusions.”
The evaluation confirmed that blue diamonds have been created a minimum of as deep because the boundary between the higher and decrease mantle, between 410 and 660 kilometres (254.7-410 miles) under the Earth’s floor.
Several stones contained proof of an excellent deeper origin under 660 kilometres.
Most different diamonds type at between 150 and 200 kilometres.
How the blue-tinting boron grew to become integrated into the gems remains to be a thriller.
One concept is that it mixed with water-rich minerals on the ocean flooring and was carried far down into the Earth’s mantle by sliding tectonic plates.
The analysis is reported within the newest difficulty of the journal Nature.