The Russian Defence Ministry said Moscow had retaliated with a strike from an undisclosed high-precision weapon that wipedd out more than 30 militants in an area of Idlib province where the plane was downed.
Reports say Russia fired numerous missiles from both the Mediterranean Sea and its Khmeimim air base in Syria.
Huge explosions have now been reported in a number of coastal areas, as well as Idlib, where the jet was shot down.
Syrian rebels shot down Russian warplane Su-25 and killed its pilot on the ground after he ejected from the plane.
The SU-25 came down in an area of Syria’s northern Idlib province that has seen heavy air strikes and fighting on the ground between government forces backed by Russia and Iran, and rebels who oppose President Bashar al-Assad.
Syrians opposed to Assad see Russia as an invading force they blame for the deaths of thousands of civilians since Moscow joined the war on the side of the Syrian government in 2015.
The Russian plane was shot down over the town of Khan al-Subl near the city of Saraqeb, close to a major highway where the Syrian army and Iranian-backed militias are trying to advance, a rebel source said.