The French President set out his own blueprint for a more tightly integrated union last month, calling for a string of changes including a shared budget and joint defence force.
And he warned yesterday that member states only had one year before the 2019 European Parliament elections to sort out reforms.
Mr Macron set the deadline during a speech at Goethe University in Frankfurt before a later public appearance with Mrs Merkel.
He told the audience in Germany: “I believe that, if you have a vision, you shouldn’t go to the doctor but you should open a debate.
“I think we need to start the debate, we have a year to clarify and draw up a common roadmap.”
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The president said he wanted to meet Mrs Merkel more often so the pair could thrash out the EU’s future.
He asked: “If we are ready for common policies on security, digital infrastructure, energy, migration, the fight against terrorism, then who can explain to me why we can’t have a common eurozone budget?”
Last month, the 39-year-old French president set out an ambitious vision for Europe, calling for deeper cooperation on defence and immigration, and for a common euro zone budget.
But Mrs Merkel, still to begin difficult talks on building a new coalition government, has warned that reforming the eurozone should not be the top priority and the debate should be more inclusive.
And she told German media this week that more time was required to examine Mr Macron’s proposals, although she ruled out any pooling of national debt.
Other member states are said to be split on the issues, especially in eastern Europe where countries are divided on whether closer integration is in their national interests.
Polish President Andrzej Duda has even warned Mr Macron’s “multi-speed” approach could lead to the break-up of the bloc.
Mr Macron was speaking as a huge strike got underway in France against his labour reform plans.
It is the first time in a decade all unions representing more than five million public workers have rallied behind a protest call.
Civil servants, teachers and nurses marched through cities across France, from Toulouse in the south to Strasbourg in the east, before the day’s biggest rally in Paris.
Airlines were forced to cancel hundreds of flights, with France’s civil aviation authority saying around 30 per cent of trips had been scrapped nationwide.
Mr Macron has come under fire in recent days from opponents and unions after he was recorded describing a group of workers at a struggling factory as “kicking up a bloody mess”.