Police were called at around 11.15am local time (5.15pm BST) after several reports of people being shot during a service at the Burnette Chapel Church of Christ in Antioch.
Nashville fire department said the suspect was also injured.
The fire service also said all those injured had been taken to hospital, and all of the patients apart from one were aged over 60.
One of the injured has since died, police said, saying the victim was a woman.
The area around the church is in lockdown as police investigate.
More to follow.