The unnamed 28-year-old Russian man was captured after running out of ammunition in western Mosul, a spokesman for Iraq’s Supreme Judicial Council said in a statement.
He added: “The Russian was a member of Daesh operating in Mosul since 2015.”
Baghdad’s central criminal court said the man allegedly admitted to being a member of ISIS, who had carried out terrorist operations against Iraqis since 2005.
He was handed over to Iraqi intelligence officials then to the judiciary.
General Yahya Rasool, a spokesman for Joint Operations Command, said the Russian was “the first (jihadist) to surrender” to Iraqi forces in west Mosul.
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During a lengthy interrogation, the ISIS fighter said that he had studied engineering and discovered Islam in Moscow, where Uzbek construction workers introduced him to the religion.
He graduated with his degree in 2014, and traveled to Turkey with the intention of joining ISIL in Syria.
He then pledged allegiance to the terror group in the city of Mosul and underwent training.
The jihadi said that he became wounded during combat in Iraqi cities – Baiji and Fallujah – before he surrendered in Mosul.
He was sentenced to death under the country’s anti-terrorism laws – which include the punishments of death by hanging or by firing squad.
Thousands of foreigners have been fighting for Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.
Iraqi authorities are holding 1,400 foreign wives and children of suspected militants – most from Turkey – others from former Soviet states including Tajikistan, Azerbaijan and Russia.
Iraqi forces, backed by US-led coalition allies and Kurds, retook Mosul in July following the group’s occupation of the country’s second largest city in 2014.
The Sunni militant group still controls territory in Iraq and is expected to revert to more conventional insurgent tactics such as bombings as its self-proclaimed caliphate falls apart.