Mirgayas Shirinsky, 62, was Russia’s ambassador to Sudan and his body was discovered at his home in Khartoum.
Sudanese police said he was known to have suffered from high blood pressure and died of natural causes.
He is the fourth Russian ambassador to die while doing his job for Mr Putin.
Sudan’s foreign ministry expressed its condolences to Russia in a statement, hailing Mr Shirinskiy’s diplomatic efforts.
Mr Shirinsky had been in the Russian diplomatic service since 1977 and had previously served in Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Rwanda.

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He was appointed ambassador to Sudan in 2013.
Since 2016, the Russian ambassadors to India, Turkey and the UN have all died while on the job.
Andrei Karlov, Russia’s ambassador to Turkey was assassinated at an art gallery in Nakara on December 19, in a shocking incident that was caught on film.
He was shot in the back and killed as he gave a speech at an Ankara art gallery by an off-duty police officer who shouted “Don’t forget Aleppo” and “Allahu Akbar” as he opened fire.
The attacker was smartly dressed in black suit and tie and stood, alone, behind the ambassador as he began his speech at the art exhibition.
Just a month later, Alexander Kadakin, 67, the Russian ambassador to India died of heart failure in hospital.
Mr Kadakin was due to attend the annual Republic Day parade in New Delhi later that morning.
He was the longest-serving Russian ambassador to India.
And on February 20 2017, the Russian ambassador to the UN’s security council died in his New York office from a suspected heart attack.
Vitaly Churkin, 64, collapsed and died suddenly after being taken ill at work, the Russian Foreign Ministry said.
The ministry gave no details on the circumstances of his death but offered condolences to his relatives and said the diplomat had died one day before his 65th birthday.
President Vladimir Putin was said to be deeply upset by the news and had greatly valued Mr Churkin’s professionalism and diplomatic talent.