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As we mature, our bodies undergo transformations, and our oral health is no exception. Cosmetic dentists emphasize the importance of understanding these shifts. Aging can bring changes like receding gums, which can make teeth appear longer and expose their roots. Reduced saliva production may also lead to dryness, increasing the risk of cavities. Even certain medications may impact dental wellness. Recognizing these age-related changes is crucial for maintaining a healthy smile and preventing potential problems. This article explores these changes and offers expert advice on preventative measures for optimal oral health as you age.
Aging and Oral Health
Similar to the rest of your body, your mouth experiences modifications as you age. Your teeth might have moved, your mouth may feel drier, presenting subtle changes compared to a decade or two prior.
Dr. James Heaton, a cosmetic dentist and owner of Smiles of Chandler, notes, “As we age, our mouth undergoes several changes. The tissues in the mouth, including the gums and cheeks, can start to lose elasticity, leading to sagging or changes in the way teeth fit together. Saliva production may also decrease, which can contribute to dry mouth and affect overall oral health. Additionally, the jawbone can weaken over time, potentially leading to a change in bite and an increased risk of tooth loss.”
Furthermore, teeth undergo alterations with age, with the protective enamel layer wearing down. This can heighten sensitivity and staining, rendering them more vulnerable to damage.
Cosmetic dentist Dr. Michael J. Wei, DDS, founder of Manhattan Cosmetic in New York City, states, “Aging and dental health can lead to tooth loss due to factors like gum disease, decay and poor oral hygiene habits over the years and teeth may shift or change shape over time, which can affect your bite and overall oral health.”
4 Common Age-Related Dental Changes
As you advance in age, certain oral health issues become more prevalent. Dental experts have identified several common conditions individuals may encounter, enabling you to be aware of potential issues and discuss them with your dentist.
Oral Cancer
With age, there’s an elevated risk of oral cancer. Dr. Wei emphasizes the importance of regular and early screenings for oral cancer.
“Another important factor to note is that the risk of oral cancer increases with age, so oral cancer screenings are very important,” he says. “Make sure you regularly visit your dentist so that any dental problems can be addressed in order to maintain optimal oral health.”
Studies suggest that the likelihood of oral cancer escalates after age 40, with men facing a significantly higher risk than women. This risk continues to rise with age across various demographics, with the highest incidence observed in non-Hispanic white males aged 65 to 74.
Gum Disease
Gum disease is more likely to affect older adults. This inflammation, while possible at any age, becomes more frequent later in life and can lead to significant dental problems.
Dr. David Wagner states, “Gum disease can become more of a concern, potentially leading to tooth loss if not managed effectively.”
Dr. Wei notes that periodontal disease—arising from inflamed gums, which can lead to recession and deterioration if untreated—can escalate into more severe oral health complications, potentially resulting in tooth loss, as Dr. Wagner cautioned.
Dry Mouth
Dry mouth can become an increasing problem as you get older, explains Dr. Wei. With aging, saliva production can decline, leading to dry mouth and subsequent “oral health issues.”
Dr. Wagner also points out that reduced saliva in older individuals can accelerate tooth decay. Saliva plays a critical role in controlling germs in the mouth, so when saliva decreases, maintaining oral health becomes challenging, according to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.
Furthermore, numerous medications can contribute to dry mouth, making it a common concern for older adults. Fortunately, dry mouth can be addressed through consultation with a doctor. Increasing water intake can also alleviate this problem.
Tooth Decay
Tooth decay, or cavities, often affects older adults as tooth enamel gradually weakens with age.
“Decay can become more common, especially around older fillings or on exposed roots, especially in the presence of a dryer mouth,” says Dr. Wagner, highlighting how dry mouth exacerbates the problem.
Dr. Wei points out that specific medications can also contribute to tooth decay. Therefore, informing both your physician and dentist about your prescriptions is vital if you notice any tooth problems, as medication could be the root cause.
How to Care for Aging Teeth and Gums
Maintaining oral hygiene is crucial as you age to prevent potential problems and sustain a healthy smile.
Regular Dental Visits
Scheduling regular dental checkups is essential. While important throughout life, it’s even more critical as you get older, given the increased vulnerability of your teeth and mouth. Dr. Wagner emphasizes, “It’s essential for older adults to step up their dental care routine. Regular dental visits are key to catching problems early.”
Balanced Diet
Adhering to a balanced diet benefits both your body and your teeth. Dr. Wei advises, “Make sure to have a balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamin D and other essential nutrients for healthy teeth and gums.” It’s also wise to limit sugar intake, according to Dr. Wagner.
Denture Care
For those who wear dentures, Dr. Heaton stresses ensuring a proper fit (regardless of age, but particularly as you age, as the mouth and gums change shape slightly). Since dentures rest on your gums constantly, they need to fit comfortably, requiring careful maintenance.
Hydration
Due to the heightened risk of dry mouth in older people, all three dental professionals suggest drinking plenty of water to keep the mouth moist. Saliva replacements can also be beneficial. “Staying hydrated is also essential to combat dry mouth, as a lack of saliva can increase the risk of tooth decay,” Dr. Heaton says.
Fluoride Use
The dentists uniformly praise the benefits of fluoride for maintaining clean and strong teeth. Dr. Wagner suggests, “Using remineralizing agents such as fluoride and hydroxyapatite products helps strengthen enamel and protect against decay.”
In Conclusion
Our mouths, like the rest of our bodies, undergo changes as we age. Careful attention to your teeth enables early detection of common issues like gum disease, facilitating prompt treatment before they worsen. Regular visits to the dentist, coupled with consistent brushing, flossing, and a nutritious diet rich in vitamins and minerals (while minimizing sugar intake), are all crucial for maintaining oral health throughout your senior years.