An undersea pipeline ruptured, then caught fire, creating a blaze on top of the sea. Extraordinary footage from the scene shows the fire just meters from a gas extraction platform.
Ms Thunberg, a leading environmental campaigner, reposted a video of the incident, and expressed her outrage, via Twitter.
She said: “Meanwhile the people in power call themselves “climate leaders” as they open up new oilfields, pipelines and coal power plants – granting new oil licenses exploring future oil drilling sites.
“This is the world they are leaving for us.”
The 18-year-old Swedish activists message was retweeted 10,500 times, and received over 39,000 likes.
The original video, posted by Mexican journalist Manuel Lopez San Martin, has been viewed more than 32 million times by users across the world.
Other footage showed fire boats hosing water onto the blaze in a bid to contain it.
Nobody is believed to have been injured in the incident.
The fire struck the offshore Ku-Maloob-Zaab field, which is run by Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex).
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Laura Pidcock, a former Labour MP once touted as a potential successor to Jeremy Corbyn, was mocked online after blaming “capitalism” for the blaze.
She tweeted: “The sea is on fire but some people still think capitalism can be managed.”
She was taken to task by other Twitter users who pointed out the company responsible is state owned.
One said: “It’s a socialist nationalised industry!!
“A private one wouldn’t mess up so as they don’t have taxpayers to bail then out.”
Another added: “Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) has been state owned and under control of the Mexican government, since nationalisation in 1938.”
A third joked: “Yes, if only the people who brought us Chernobyl were in charge.”
A fourth wrote: “At least communism did disasters properly… #Chernobyl.”
Ms Thunberg shot to fame after skipping school to protest outside the Swedish parliament against climate change.
This example was copied by students around the world, creating the ‘school strike for climate’ movement.