The warning was delivered by Ali Shamkhani, secretary of Iran’s National Security Council. Israel is believed to be behind a number of attacks targeting Iranian interests and allied militia in Syria. Russia blamed the country for a wave of airstrikes hitting the country in late December.
According to Iran’s Fars news agency Mr Shamkhani said: “If these actions continue, we will activate some calculated measures as a deterrent and as a firm and appropriate response to teach a lesson to the criminal and lying rulers of Israel.”
He was speaking during a meeting in Tehran with Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al-Moalem.
Iranian forces, along with their Lebanese allies Hezbollah, are active in Syria supporting the regime of Bashar al-Assad.
After the Tehran meeting Mr al-Moalem told a Hezbollah aligned media outlet Iranian forces are welcome to remain in the country.
He said: “The Syrian government considers it to be its duty to keep Iranian security forces in Syrian territory”.
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Israel is concerned that Iran, its regional rival, could use the Syrian civil war to establish a permanent presence in the country.
Last month Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed to continuing targeting Iranian forces in Syria, and demanded they “get out of there”.
Israel confirmed its aircraft struck Iran linked targets in Syria on January 21, which killed 11 people including Iranian troops.
The attacks targeted Iran’s al-Quds force, the overseas arm of its elite Revolutionary Guards.
Russia, which is also allied to the Syrian regime, accused Israel of being behind a separate series of strikes in Syria on December 25.
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Russian Defence Ministry spokesman Igor Konashenkov claimed the action had endangered passenger airliners.
He said: “Provocative acts by Israeli air forces endangered two passenger jets, when six of their F-16s carried out air strikes on Syria from Lebanese airspace.”
Shortly after the strikes Mr Netanyahu hinted at Israeli involvement during an address to air force cadets.
He stated: “Defending the homeland starts with eradicating major hostile threats.
“We are not willing to accept an Iranian entrenchment in Syria that is directed against us.”