The crippling sanctions reintroduced in August by the US administration led to the isolation of Washington, Mr Rouhani said.
Speaking to parliament in a speech broadcasted by the country’s state television, the president of Iran claimed: “It does not happen often that the US makes a decision and its traditional allies abandon it.
“A year ago no one would have believed that Europe would stand with Iran and against America.
“Russia, China, India, the European Union, and some African and Latin American countries are our friends.
“We have to work with them and attract investments.”
And in a call for unity against the United States, Mr Rouhani urged his parliament to come together.
He added: “Our main enemy, America, faces us with a drawn sword and we have to fight it and we have to unite.
“Regardless of factions we are all part of the Iranian nation.”
Mr Trump pulled out of the JCPOA, the official name of the deal, in May, branding it “disastrous” as it only made Iran richer.
After that, he reintroduced the hefty sanctions already in place before the deal.
But the EU issued a blocking statute to hinder their application, effectively acting against Washington.
The agreement, which lifted sanctions against Tehran in exchange of it shutting down its nuclear programme, was signed in 2015 by the then US president Barack Obama, Russia, China, France the UK, Germany, Iran and the European Union.
Mr Rouhani’s shocking claim comes as the day set by Mr Trump to introduce new sanctions against Iran, November 4, approaches.
Aiming at striking a deadly blow to Iran’s economy, they want to curb oil exports until they will be brought to zero.
Tehran’s economy plunged during the past months, suffering rising inflation and unemployment, a slump in the rial currency and state corruption.
Iranian leaders, whose government is currently discussing a cabinet reshuffle which includes a proposed new economy minister, academic Farhad Dejpasand, who is widely seen as a technocrat, and three other economy-linked ministers, have previously urged the EU to do more to help their economy.
Ayatollah Ahmad Jannati criticised in September the way the EU had so far handled the crisis sparked by Mr Trump’s withdrawal from the JCPOA.
He said: “Europe has announced that they won’t leave the deal.
“In practice, by bringing up a discussion of missiles and other issues they are not following an appropriate path.”
And in late August Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said: “It is time for the Europeans to act in addition to voicing their political commitment.
“These measures may be costly, but if countries want to reap benefits and if they believe the nuclear accord is an international achievement, they should be ready to keep these achievements.”
So far, the European Union has sent Iran £16.3million ($21m) in aid to offset the impact of the sanctions reimposed by the US.