Dementia is a syndrome associated with on ongoing decline of brain functioning.
There are many types of dementia, the most common being Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.
Symptoms of dementia include problems with memory loss, thinking speed, and mental sharpness and quickness.
A person with dementia may also experience problems with language, understanding, judgement and their mood.
Problems with movement and difficulties carrying out daily activities are also common symptoms.
Before dementia develops, these symptoms are often mild and may get worse only very gradually.
This is called mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as the symptoms are not severe enough to be diagnosed as dementia.
“You might not notice these symptoms if you have them, and family and friends may not notice or take them seriously for some time,” said the NHS.
In some people, the symptoms will remain the same and not worsen, but some people with MCI will go on to develop dementia.
“Dementia is not a natural part of ageing. This is why it’s important to talk to your GP sooner rather than later if you’re at all worried about memory problems or other symptoms,” said the NHS.
Although there is no cure for dementia at present, if it’s diagnosed in the early stages, there are ways you can slow it down and maintain mental function.
“A diagnosis can help people with dementia get the right treatment and support, and help those close to them to prepare and plan for the future,” said the NHS.
The symptoms of dementia tend to worsen with time.
In the much later stages of the disease, people will be able to do far less for themselves and may lose much of their ability to communicate.
However, with treatment and support, many people with the disease are still able to lead active, fulfilled lives.
If you are diagnosed with dementia, the NHS advises keeping in touch with people and engaging in social activities, in order to boost your confidence and mental wellbeing.
These could include going to the theatre or cinema, or being part of a walking group or choir.
You should also ensure you maintain a healthy, balanced diet and drink plenty of fluids.
Exercising regularly is also important, such as going for daily walks or gardening.
Dementia sufferers should try to avoid naps in the day and caffeine and alcohol at night, to ensure a good night’s sleep.
Having regular dental, eyesight and hearing check-ups will also help detect problems with those areas.