The Tver court of Moscow is set to consider all materials of the case against the 41-year-old on March 5, according to spokeswoman Svetlana Maksimova.
Russian authorities are due to charge Navalny with violating order by organising the rally illegally.
If found guilty, he faces a fine of up to 300,000 rubles (£383) and up to 30 days of arrest.
If given the maximum sentence, Navalny could stay behind bars until April 4, just four days before the end of the Russian presidential elections.
The anti-corruption campaigner, who has been barred from registering as a candidate in the March elections, has already been briefly detained for holding the Tverskaya street rally on January 28.
The lawyer also spent 60 days in detention centres last year for leading some of Russia’s largest protests in recent years against Russian president Vladimir Putin and his inner circle.
But mid-February, Russian authorities brought him again to a police station to issue protocol.
Navalny said on Twitter: “They [the police] offered me a lift somewhere, but I declined and have gone to work. I don’t understand what happened, and why it took seven people to detain me.”
Putin’s rival has suggested that the latest move is as an attempt by the Kremlin to shut him down until after the elections.
Navalny is calling for a nationwide boycott of the elections in an attempt to undermine Putin’s legitimacy.
His detention came shortly after Navalny’s aide and campaign manager Leonid Volkov said on Twitter that he had been detained by police at Moscow’s Sheremetyevo airport.
Last week, Volkov was sentenced to 30 days behind bars for encouraging people to take part in the January 28 rally and tweeting a video of Navalny being detained in central Moscow.
Navalny wrote on Twitter: “30 days, I want to remind you, for retweeting a video of my detention.”
Volkov, who is due to be released after the presidential elections, also took to Twitter.
He said: “Arrested for 30 days, see, I was right. I’ll see you on March 24. Don’t miss me.”
Voting will take place on March 18, where Mr Putin is expected to win by a landslide.