The bleak economic forecast and growing immigration concerns have resulted in toxic election campaigns for the upcoming vote.
The protests come amid fears of a revival of neo-fascist sentiment ahead of Italy’s national election on March 4.
In Naples, more than 20 people were arrested on Sunday after protesters opposing a rally by the neo-fascist party, Casa Pound, clashed with police near the main train station.
The Italian newspaper, La Republic, said people set off smoke bombs and firecrackers and demonstrators protested the arrests.
In Venice, more than a thousand people gathered to protest an appearance of Roberto Fiore, the leader of the extreme-right group Forza Nuova.
There were clashes when a rally of the Forza Nuova was held in Bologna, in which seven people were hurt and police were forced to use a water cannon on protesters after they attempted to break through a cordon.
Clashes broke out when police intervened to stop anti-fascist demonstrators from occupying a square in the traditionally left-wing city.
The area was filled with about twenty armoured vehicles and water hydrants, according to local media.
Before police charged at the activists, demonstrators shouted: “Today is our resistance.”
President of the Lower House Laura Boldrini said the Neofascist groups “have no place in democracy”.
Head of the Forza Italia party, Silvio Berlusconi, said: “Fascism is dead and buried”.
Earlier in February, thousands of anti-fascist demonstrators rallied in the central Italian town of Macerata a week after a far-right gunmen shot and wounded six Africans in a racially motivated attack.
Right-wing parties are ahead in the polls, but are unlikely to win an absolute majority, which could cause a possible deadlock.